Early Locations in Borneo from the Nagara Krtagama
The Nagara Krtagama is a court poem written in 1365 by the Javaenese poet Mpu Prapañca during the reign of King Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit. The following list was taken from the poem, but the descriptions and locations are mine.
Kapuhas
A gold-producing region in western Borneo
Katingan
A small river kingdom situated on the Katingan River in central Borneo.Part of the Banjar-Hindu Kingdom.Transit point for those who wanted to sail to Java.
Sampit
A coastal settlement at the mouth of the Sampit River. Largest timber port in all of Indonesia.Became a plantation for oil palm.
Kuta Lingga
Located on the Batang Lupar River near the modern Indonesia-Sarawak border.
Kuta Varingin
The Sultanate is located on the south-central coast of Kalimantan.
Sambas
The Malay River Kingdom is located at the confluence of the Sungei Sambas kecil and the Sungei Sambas Besar.
Lavai
Upper Kapuas River
Kadangdang
Near the mouth of the Katingan River. Early Dyak-Malay interactions
Landak
Landak refers to the Landak river basin, which flows into the Kapuas River near Pontianak.
Somedang
Located along a tributary of the Kapuas River
Tirem
Minor settlement located along the Kapuas-Sintang river?
Sedu
Small settlement or village
Baruneng
Brunei
Kalaka
Small settlement inhabited
Saludung
Tributary of the Limbang–Batang Lupar–Sarawak river system. It flows northwest from the River settlement on the upper Batang Lupar near the border between Sarawak and Kalimantan.
Saribas
The Saribas River (Sungai Saribas) is a major tributary of the Limbang–Batang Lupar–Sarawak river system. It flows northwest from the interior of Borneo to the South China Sea.
Solot
Tributary of the Kapuas or Batang Lupar
Pasir
Riverine corridor between South Central Kalimatan.On the Pasir river.(?)
Barito
The Barito River system, which flows from the central highlands into the Java Sea.
Sava Ku
Small island along a major river delta of the Kapuas, Sambas, or Batang Lupar river deltas.
Tabalung
Likely located along a tributary of the Barito River, possibly near the modern-day Barito Utara or Barito Selatan regencies in South Kalimantan.
Kutei
Located along the Mahakam River. An ancient kingdom that dates to 400 A.D.
Malanau
Located along a tributary of the Barito River.
Balinean in Serawak
Corresponds to the Balingian River (Sungai Balingian) and its surrounding region in, between Mukah and Sibu. The river flows northwest into the South China Sea, forming an estuary with historical Malay settlements. The area includes both coastal Malay trading posts and upriver Dayak villages along tributaries.
Tangung Puri
Likely located along a tributary or coastal river in western Borneo, possibly near the Kapuas delta. Along the coast of Sambas or Lawai functioned as a minor settlement or kuta, part of the river network linking inland communities to coastal polities.
From
Mpu Prapañca, Nagarakṛtāgama (Desawarnana 1365 in Pigeaud, Theodore Th.G. Java in the 14th Century, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, vol 1, 1960
Volumes 4 and 5, which give a name and place name index and maps, are behind a pay wall.
Tom McLaughlin for BorneoHistory.net
Sarawaktom@gmail.com